Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine
Caffeic acid and quercetin exert caspases-independent apoptotic effects on Leishmania major promastigotes, and reactivate the death of infected phagocytes derived from BALB/c mice
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Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the leishmanicidal effects of two antioxidants, caffeic acid and quercetin on Leishmania major (L. major) promastigotes in vitro, and their immuno- modulatory effects on infected phagocytes derived from susceptible BALB/cmice.Methods:Caffeicacidandquercetin-inducedcelldeathwasexaminedbyPi-Hoechstdouble staining of L. major promastigotes and MTT assay, in the presence or absence of protease inhibitors in vitro. Caffeic acid or quercetin were administered subcutaneously to BALB/c mice infected with L. major promastigotes through a dorsal air pouch. Nitric oxide and su- peroxide anion production by phagocytes infiltrating the air pouch and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α )and nuclear factor kappa B in the air pouch membrane were therefore evaluated using appropriate methods. Results: Caffeic acid and quercetin displayed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against L. major promastigotes, and induced cell death via caspases-independent pathways. In vivo, L. major promastigotes inoculation into air pouch cavity of BALB/c mice leads to a sequential influx of neutrophils (hours), followed by macrophages (days). Results showed that L. major delayed apoptosis of infected neutrophils and macrophages by the cleavage of the nuclear factor kappa B p65 RelA subunit, and persisted by inhibiting TNF- α and iNOS expression and reactive oxygen species generation. Caffeic acid or quercetin restored reactive oxygen species production and TNF- α -induced iNOS activity, and abrogate apoptosis delay of infected phagocytes. Conclusions: The leishmanicidal effect of caffeic acid and quercetin on promastigotes and amastigotes, as well as reactivation of infected phagocytes apoptosis, suggested a potential therapeutic role against cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Supported by the Research project “Implication of phagocytes dependent oxidative stress in inflammatory diseases and leishmaniasis” with project No. CNEPRUF00220130061,AlgerianMinistryofHigherEducationandScientificResearch.
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