One Health Bulletin
Issue 1,2024 Table of Contents
2024(1):1-8.
DOI: 10.4103/ohbl.ohbl_43_23
Abstract:
Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a significant global health challenge, requiring prolonged treatment with multiple second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Among these medications, bedaquiline and linezolid have shown promising outcomes. However, the primary adverse effects of linezolid leading to dose reduction or early discontinuation is myelosuppression. Methods: This study involved a comprehensive review to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of linezolid-induced myelosuppressionin patients with DR-TB in bedaquiline-based regimens. Furthermore, the procedure adhered to the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline for a scoping review. Results: The results showed that nine cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. Among the 3 310 DR-TB patients in these studies, 661 (19.9%) had HIV. The incidence of myelosuppression ranged from 5.1% to 49.0%, with anemia being the most prevalent case, ranging from 2.9% to 39.0%. According to the reports, linezolid interruption, such as dose adjustments or complete discontinuation ranged from 20.5% to 23.6%. Myelosuppression occurred within a period less than three months on average. Several factors were identified as influencing myelosuppression (anemia) in DR-TB patients within these regimens, including age ≥ 60, concurrent treatment with zidovudine in HIV positive patients, and linezolid concentrations > 2 mg/L. No studies reported mortality cases associated with linezolid. Conclusions: The incidence of myelosuppression was relatively high in DR-TB patients with regimen containing linezolid. Anemia was the most prevalent symptom of myelosuppression during treatment, leading to early discontinuation of linezolid. It indicates that hematologic parameter should be closely supervised, especially in patients with risk factors during linezolid treatment.
Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a significant global health challenge, requiring prolonged treatment with multiple second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Among these medications, bedaquiline and linezolid have shown promising outcomes. However, the primary adverse effects of linezolid leading to dose reduction or early discontinuation is myelosuppression. Methods: This study involved a comprehensive review to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of linezolid-induced myelosuppressionin patients with DR-TB in bedaquiline-based regimens. Furthermore, the procedure adhered to the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline for a scoping review. Results: The results showed that nine cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. Among the 3 310 DR-TB patients in these studies, 661 (19.9%) had HIV. The incidence of myelosuppression ranged from 5.1% to 49.0%, with anemia being the most prevalent case, ranging from 2.9% to 39.0%. According to the reports, linezolid interruption, such as dose adjustments or complete discontinuation ranged from 20.5% to 23.6%. Myelosuppression occurred within a period less than three months on average. Several factors were identified as influencing myelosuppression (anemia) in DR-TB patients within these regimens, including age ≥ 60, concurrent treatment with zidovudine in HIV positive patients, and linezolid concentrations > 2 mg/L. No studies reported mortality cases associated with linezolid. Conclusions: The incidence of myelosuppression was relatively high in DR-TB patients with regimen containing linezolid. Anemia was the most prevalent symptom of myelosuppression during treatment, leading to early discontinuation of linezolid. It indicates that hematologic parameter should be closely supervised, especially in patients with risk factors during linezolid treatment.
2024(1):9-15.
DOI: 10.4103/ohbl.ohbl_35_23
Abstract:
Caregiving for cancer patients is a demanding role that often leads to significant psychological distress. This study aims to explore the impact of yoga on caregiver resilience and psychological distress in the context of cancer care. We have found that yoga, as a mind-body practice, effectively mitigates stress, cultivates self-compassion, and equips caregivers with tools for navigating their demanding roles. The results reveal that incorporating yoga enhances caregiver well-being, highlighting its positive correlation with improved patient outcomes. This study underscores the holistic benefits of integrating yoga within a One Health approach to enhance overall caregiving dynamics.
Caregiving for cancer patients is a demanding role that often leads to significant psychological distress. This study aims to explore the impact of yoga on caregiver resilience and psychological distress in the context of cancer care. We have found that yoga, as a mind-body practice, effectively mitigates stress, cultivates self-compassion, and equips caregivers with tools for navigating their demanding roles. The results reveal that incorporating yoga enhances caregiver well-being, highlighting its positive correlation with improved patient outcomes. This study underscores the holistic benefits of integrating yoga within a One Health approach to enhance overall caregiving dynamics.
ávila Thiago V
,
Ferraz Fernanda O
,
Nunes Leonardo V
,
Alessandri Ana L
,
Souza Passos Ingredy B
,
Costa Vivian V
,
Teixeira Mauro M
,
Souza Daniele da G
2024(1):16-24.
DOI: 10.4103/ohbl.ohbl_30_23
Abstract:
Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the role of aging and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as potential risk factors for severe clinical manifestations of dengue. This investigation was conducted within a cohort of patients from the 2010 epidemic in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Methods: A total of 144 subjects diagnosed with dengue were categorized into two groups, representing the early and late (critical) stages of the disease. Further stratification was performed based on age, distinguishing between young and aged subjects. NCD subjects were also divided into young and aged groups. The symptomatology, previous clinical history, age, and presence of NCDs were inquired. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of platelet, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. The Mann-Whitney test was explored for the comparison of two groups, whereas the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the analysis of differences among the multiple groups. Categorical variables were examined by Chi-square test. Correlation assessments were conducted using binary logic regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Compared to the younger subjects with NCDs, aged subjects exhibited a more severe form of dengue during the critical phase. The presence of NCDs was not associated with a worse dengue outcome in younger individuals, suggesting that aging itself maybe an important contributor to the severity of dengue. Conclusions: In the studied cohort, we emphasize that aging is a significant factor associated with severe manifestations of dengue. While we do not discard the potential role of NCDs in exacerbating disease progression, it may be more prominently impact the aged groups.
Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the role of aging and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as potential risk factors for severe clinical manifestations of dengue. This investigation was conducted within a cohort of patients from the 2010 epidemic in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Methods: A total of 144 subjects diagnosed with dengue were categorized into two groups, representing the early and late (critical) stages of the disease. Further stratification was performed based on age, distinguishing between young and aged subjects. NCD subjects were also divided into young and aged groups. The symptomatology, previous clinical history, age, and presence of NCDs were inquired. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of platelet, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. The Mann-Whitney test was explored for the comparison of two groups, whereas the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the analysis of differences among the multiple groups. Categorical variables were examined by Chi-square test. Correlation assessments were conducted using binary logic regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Compared to the younger subjects with NCDs, aged subjects exhibited a more severe form of dengue during the critical phase. The presence of NCDs was not associated with a worse dengue outcome in younger individuals, suggesting that aging itself maybe an important contributor to the severity of dengue. Conclusions: In the studied cohort, we emphasize that aging is a significant factor associated with severe manifestations of dengue. While we do not discard the potential role of NCDs in exacerbating disease progression, it may be more prominently impact the aged groups.
Ibrahim Hassan Ikrama
,
Amadou Talfi Zakou
,
Ngolo Jebes Lamini
,
Celestine Osanga
,
Attari Nasara Dogara
,
Lambo Yamusa Wakili
,
Daniel Abah Augustine
,
Muhammad Maryam Hassan
,
Regina Aluku
,
Caleb Luka Kyari
,
Agbawu M. Agbawu
,
Godwin Attah Obande
,
Aleruchi Chuku
2024(1):25-31.
DOI: 10.4103/ohbl.ohbl_31_23
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the prevalence and rifampicin resistance of tuberculosis among presumptive patients in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Methods: Patient data collected from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively computed from the register at the tuberculosis laboratory of Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia. A total of 91 884 patient records were analyzed to determine tuberculosis prevalence, rifampicin resistance, and patients’ characteristics using Chi-squared test. Results: An overall prevalence of 8.0% was recorded among presumptive patients over the three-year period with a decreasing trend in prevalence from 10.0% (2019) to 6.5% (2021), though the number of samples progressively increased each year and more than doubled in 2021. Most of the patients tested for tuberculosis were females (52.6%) and were mostly older than 15 years (84.1%). Conversely, a higher resistance to rifampicin was observed among tuberculosis positive male patients (55.6%) than in females (44.4%). Similarly, tuberculosis positive patients older than 15 years (84.6%) showed greater resistance to rifampicin than those younger than 15 years (15.4%). Statistically, no relationship was established among age, sex, year of sampling and tuberculosis prevalence or rifampicin resistance rate. Conclusions: Despite the downward trends in tuberculosis prevalence and rifampicin resistance rate observed in this study, measures at maintaining the gains achieved in the fight against tuberculosis must remain paramount as the race towards reducing tuberculosis incidence and mortality by 2025 continues.
Objective: To investigate the prevalence and rifampicin resistance of tuberculosis among presumptive patients in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Methods: Patient data collected from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively computed from the register at the tuberculosis laboratory of Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia. A total of 91 884 patient records were analyzed to determine tuberculosis prevalence, rifampicin resistance, and patients’ characteristics using Chi-squared test. Results: An overall prevalence of 8.0% was recorded among presumptive patients over the three-year period with a decreasing trend in prevalence from 10.0% (2019) to 6.5% (2021), though the number of samples progressively increased each year and more than doubled in 2021. Most of the patients tested for tuberculosis were females (52.6%) and were mostly older than 15 years (84.1%). Conversely, a higher resistance to rifampicin was observed among tuberculosis positive male patients (55.6%) than in females (44.4%). Similarly, tuberculosis positive patients older than 15 years (84.6%) showed greater resistance to rifampicin than those younger than 15 years (15.4%). Statistically, no relationship was established among age, sex, year of sampling and tuberculosis prevalence or rifampicin resistance rate. Conclusions: Despite the downward trends in tuberculosis prevalence and rifampicin resistance rate observed in this study, measures at maintaining the gains achieved in the fight against tuberculosis must remain paramount as the race towards reducing tuberculosis incidence and mortality by 2025 continues.
2024(1):32-38.
DOI: 10.4103/ohbl.ohbl_32_23
Abstract:
Objective: To examine the perceived impact of COVID-19 lockdown on access to healthcare services, food affordability, and family income during the first phase of the pandemic among married people of a resource-limited primary care setting in Kano, Nigeria. Methods: This survey involved 432 married respondents systematically selected from attendees of a primary care clinic in Kano, Nigeria, using a structured questionnaire. Results: Over half (53.5%) of respondents or their family members fell ill during the lockdown; 67.1% felt it difficult to access hospital treatment, while 32.9% sick patients resorted to self-medication. Over half (57.2%) could afford food as they used to, 75.0% reported that food items were costly, while 35.9% received government assistance. Only 29.9% had employment, of which 49.6% received a salary, while 29.5% had their salaries reduced. Educational level was significantly associated with ease of accessing healthcare services (χ2 =8.528, P=0.014). Age (χ2=12.209, P<0.001), family type (χ2=12.943, P<0.001), home location in Kano state (χ2= 15.397, P<0.001) and family headcount (χ2=3.968, P=0.044) were significantly associated with perceived food affordability. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the negative impact of the lockdown on healthcare access, food affordability, and family income among respondents’ families. This suggests the need for more investments in promoting and scaling up telemedicine services as platforms for accessing healthcare, which could be utilized in similar future events. More studies will be needed to ascertain the complete picture of the implementation of social assistance in the study area to enhance planning and distribution of future government social assistance.
Objective: To examine the perceived impact of COVID-19 lockdown on access to healthcare services, food affordability, and family income during the first phase of the pandemic among married people of a resource-limited primary care setting in Kano, Nigeria. Methods: This survey involved 432 married respondents systematically selected from attendees of a primary care clinic in Kano, Nigeria, using a structured questionnaire. Results: Over half (53.5%) of respondents or their family members fell ill during the lockdown; 67.1% felt it difficult to access hospital treatment, while 32.9% sick patients resorted to self-medication. Over half (57.2%) could afford food as they used to, 75.0% reported that food items were costly, while 35.9% received government assistance. Only 29.9% had employment, of which 49.6% received a salary, while 29.5% had their salaries reduced. Educational level was significantly associated with ease of accessing healthcare services (χ2 =8.528, P=0.014). Age (χ2=12.209, P<0.001), family type (χ2=12.943, P<0.001), home location in Kano state (χ2= 15.397, P<0.001) and family headcount (χ2=3.968, P=0.044) were significantly associated with perceived food affordability. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the negative impact of the lockdown on healthcare access, food affordability, and family income among respondents’ families. This suggests the need for more investments in promoting and scaling up telemedicine services as platforms for accessing healthcare, which could be utilized in similar future events. More studies will be needed to ascertain the complete picture of the implementation of social assistance in the study area to enhance planning and distribution of future government social assistance.
2024(1):39-46.
DOI: 10.4103/ohbl.ohbl_36_23
Abstract:
Objective: This study aims to determine antibiotic susceptibility profile and detect virulence genes in Campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry waste in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: Poultry droppings were collected from ten poultry farms, and Total Bacteria Count (TBC) and Total Anaerobic Count (TAC) of the samples were determined. Campylobacter species were isolated using modified Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate Agar (mCCDA). The isolates were identified using conventional biochemical techniques, and antibiotics susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay on Mueller Hinton agar. Detection of virulence genes in selected multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates was carried out using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Campylobacter species (240) were isolated from Moniya (44.6%) and Igbo-Oloyin (55.4%) farms. Campylobacter (C.) lari was the most prevalent isolate (32.5%) while C. fetus was the least common. Resistance to streptomycin was observed in 76.7% of the isolates, while 3.3% exhibited resistance to ertapenem. Specifically, C. jejuni isolates from Igbo-Oloyin farms showed resistance rates of 86% to cephalothin and 71% to cefuroxime. In comparison, C. jejuni isolates from Moniya farms showed even higher resistance rates of 95% to cephalothin and 81% to cefuroxime. The antibiotypes of the selected isolates showed that four Campylobacter spp. were resistant to a combination of eight antibiotics. Furthermore, the detection of virulence genes from the selected MDR isolates showed that cadF and hipO genes were detected in 70.0% and 50.0% of cases, respectively. Conclusions: MDR strains with virulent genes were found in Campylobacter species isolated from poultry wastes, posing a significant health challenge. Therefore, prudent use of antibiotics in animal husbandry should be ensured in addition to preventing indiscriminate discharge of untreated poultry waste into the environment.
Objective: This study aims to determine antibiotic susceptibility profile and detect virulence genes in Campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry waste in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: Poultry droppings were collected from ten poultry farms, and Total Bacteria Count (TBC) and Total Anaerobic Count (TAC) of the samples were determined. Campylobacter species were isolated using modified Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate Agar (mCCDA). The isolates were identified using conventional biochemical techniques, and antibiotics susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay on Mueller Hinton agar. Detection of virulence genes in selected multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates was carried out using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Campylobacter species (240) were isolated from Moniya (44.6%) and Igbo-Oloyin (55.4%) farms. Campylobacter (C.) lari was the most prevalent isolate (32.5%) while C. fetus was the least common. Resistance to streptomycin was observed in 76.7% of the isolates, while 3.3% exhibited resistance to ertapenem. Specifically, C. jejuni isolates from Igbo-Oloyin farms showed resistance rates of 86% to cephalothin and 71% to cefuroxime. In comparison, C. jejuni isolates from Moniya farms showed even higher resistance rates of 95% to cephalothin and 81% to cefuroxime. The antibiotypes of the selected isolates showed that four Campylobacter spp. were resistant to a combination of eight antibiotics. Furthermore, the detection of virulence genes from the selected MDR isolates showed that cadF and hipO genes were detected in 70.0% and 50.0% of cases, respectively. Conclusions: MDR strains with virulent genes were found in Campylobacter species isolated from poultry wastes, posing a significant health challenge. Therefore, prudent use of antibiotics in animal husbandry should be ensured in addition to preventing indiscriminate discharge of untreated poultry waste into the environment.
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